Pulmonary Stenosis - Self Assessment Questions

a) Cyanosis
b) Breathlessness
c) Collapse on exercise
d) Endocarditis
e) Heart murmur

a) Ejection systolic murmur at left upper sternal edge
b) Ejection systolic murmur at right upper sternal edge
c) Murmur transmitted to back
d) Widely split second heart sound
e) Click

a) Cardiothoracic ratio is normal
b) Enlarged central pulmonary artery
c) Demonstrates a "slipper" appearance
d) Pulmonary oligaemia
e) The aortic arch is left sided

a) All will require surgery at some stage
b) Endocarditis for life is necessary
c) Exercise restriction is required
d) Following intervention, re-intervention is frequently necessary
e) Death occurs by the third decade of life

a) Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt
b) Brock procedure
c) Transcatheter radiofrequency perforation
d) Balloon valvuloplasty
e) Open valvotomy

a) Pulmonary regurgitation develops
b) Strenuous activity is contemplated
c) Pregnancy is contemplated
d) Endocarditis occurs
e) Transvalvar gradient is 50 mmHg
 

a) Pulmonary regurgitation inevitably occurs
b) Re-stenosis is common
c) Endocarditis prophylaxis is no longer required
d) Exercise restriction become unnecessary
e) Recovery to fitness takes 2-3 months

a) Noonan Syndrome
b) Turner Syndrome
c) Marfan Syndrome
d) Edward Syndrome
e) Allagile Syndrome