Ventricular Septal Defect - Self Assessment Questions

Please check one answer only

1) Which is the commonest congenital cardiac lesion ?
a) Patent Ductus Arteriosus
b) Atrial Septal Defect
c) Ventricular Septal Defect
d) Tetralogy of Fallot
e) Transposition of the Great Arteries

2) A very loud murmur in a VSD indicates ?
a) A large defect
b) A position in the perimembranous region
c) Pulmonary hypertension
d) A large left to right shunt
e) Normal RV pressure

3) An apical diastolic murmur indicates ?
a) Associated mitral stenosis
b) Associated mitral regurgitation
c) Associated aortic regurgitation
d) A large left to right shunt
e) A mitral valve cleft

4) The ECG of a small VSD usually shows ?
a) Right ventricular hypertrophy
b) A normal pattern
c) RsR pattern in V1
d) Left ventricular hypertrophy
e) Left bundle branch block

5) Echocardiography is unable to accurately predict ?
a) Size of the shunt
b) Pulmonary artery pressure
c) Position of the defect
d) Associated lesions
e) Right ventricular pressure

6) Indications for surgical closure include ?
a) Any defect
b) Left to right shunt greater than 1:1
c) Pulmonary arterial pressure 1/3 systemic pressure
d) Failure to thrive
e) 5 mm defect or more

7) Which of the following is true regarding surgical repair ?
a) Transcatheter approach is now more common than surgery
b) 1% mortality rate
c) Phrenic nerve palsy is a risk
d) Ideal age for surgery is 5 yrs
e) Small Infants should undergo pulmonary artery banding first

8) The long term prognosis ?
a) Is excellent
b) Endocarditis is no longer a risk
c) Aortic regurgitation is common
d) Competitive sports are prohibited
e) Anticoagulation to prevent thrombosis on the patch is necessary

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